Study Material

 one should understand that, image is nothing but, an array or a matrix of multiple pixels which are properly arranged in columns and rows.      Now, it is also good to understand what a pixel is. A pixel is a word framed from picture element. "A pixel is the smallest unit in a digital images. Multiple pixels arranged in rows and columns actually from an image. An image is fully composed of pixels."

 Assume a human seeing the above signage on the roads. Immediately, his/her eyes will start capturing the content and brain shall interpret what the signals signify. Based on the understanding, one would make a move further. In digital image processing, the same image shall be fed in as an input to the system and the system  shall interpret and understand the content to let the further actions happends. the algorithms developed shall play a major role in understanding the content with higher accuracy. "Optical image processing is an area that deals with the object, optics and how processes are applied to an image that is available in the form  of reflected or transmitted." "Analog image processing is an area that deals with the processing of analog electrical signals using analog circuits. The Imaging systems that use film for recording images are also knows as analog imaging systems.

Introduction- Image speaks louder than words. Researchers have been consistently working on developing image processing techniques which shall provide more features and better accuracy with increased speed of processing the image. What is an Image? Ans -                 "An image, be it a digital or a still image, all of it is nothing but a binary representation of some visual information." The visual information can be a simple drawing, photographed pictures , and recorded graphs, logos of the organizations or anything of this sort. All these digital images have something in common. they all can be stored and saved for future use electronically in any storage device. Listeners are presented with a sample image with information inside it. This Image is a traffic sign, which gives information about the signals and signage for the riders. This is a digital image and can be stored in any digital storage medium. To be more precise, this imag...

1. Raster Scan Display   How It Works : A raster scan display works by painting an image on the screen pixel by pixel, row by row. It follows a systematic pattern where the electron beam (in CRT monitors) or the display elements (in modern LCD/LED screens) sweep across the screen from left to right, top to bottom, in a series of horizontal lines (scan lines). This process is akin to how a traditional TV screen works.   Process : The display draws the image starting from the top-left corner, moving to the right, then moves to the next row below, and repeats this process until the entire screen is filled. This pattern creates a grid of pixels, where each pixel can have a color and brightness level.   Characteristics : Pixel-based : The screen consists of a grid of pixels, and each pixel can have a distinct color and intensity. Continuous Image : Raster scan displays are capable of displaying detailed and complex images, including photographs and videos, because they break t...

Yes, computer graphics play a crucial role in our everyday lives, and their impact is widespread across various industries and aspects of modern society. From entertainment to healthcare, education, and business, computer graphics are integral to many aspects of our personal and professional experiences. Here's a detailed look at why computer graphics are so important:   1. Education and Training: Computer-generated model of the physical, financial and economic system is often used as educational aids. Model of physical systems, physiological system, population trends or equipment can help trainees to understand the operation of the system.   For some training applications, particular systems are designed. For example Flight Simulator.   Flight Simulator: It helps in giving training to the pilots of airplanes. These pilots spend much of their training not in a real aircraft but on the ground at the controls of a Flight Simulator.  Advantages:  ...

A process is an independent unit of execution within an operating system. It represents a program or application that is being executed by the CPU. Process States 1. Running: Process is currently executing. 2. Waiting: Process is waiting for resources or events. 3. Sleeping: Process is suspended, waiting for events. 4. Zombie: Process has terminated, but parent process hasn't acknowledged. 5. Dead: Process has terminated and been removed. Process Types 1. Foreground Process: Interactive process with user input. 2. Background Process: Non-interactive process running without user input. 3. System Process: Operating system process, such as device drivers. 4. Daemon Process: Background process that runs continuously. Process Creation 1. Fork: Creates a new process by duplicating an existing one. 2. Exec: Replaces the current process image with a new one. 3. CreateProcess: Windows API function to create a new process. Process Termination 1. Exit: Process terminates normally, returning a...

1. Thread Class: Use the System.Threading.Thread class to create threads. 2. Thread Constructor: Pass a ThreadStart delegate or a ParameterizedThreadStart delegate to the constructor. 3. ThreadStart Delegate: Represents the method to be executed by the thread. Example: using System.Threading; class Program {     static void Main()     {         Thread thread = new Thread(new ThreadStart(MyMethod));         thread.Start();     }     static void MyMethod()     {         Console.WriteLine("Thread is running.");     } } Processes- 1. Independent units of execution 2. Own memory space (virtual address space) 3. Created by operating system 4. Communicate through Inter-Process Communication (IPC) mechanisms Threads 1. Lightweight processes 2. Share memory space with parent process 3. Created by process 4. Execute concurrently with other threads Key Differences 1. Memory: Proc...