Study Material

Part 1: Structure and Properties of an Algorithm 1. What is an Algorithm? An algorithm is a step-by-step set of instructions to solve a specific problem. Example: If you want to make tea: Boil water. Add tea leaves. Add sugar. Add milk. Stir and serve. That’s an algorithm — but in cooking terms. Properties of a Good Algorithm Definiteness → Every step must be clear and unambiguous. Finiteness → Must end after a finite number of steps. Input → Takes zero or more inputs. Output → Produces at least one output. Effectiveness → Steps are basic enough to be done by hand or by computer. Example in Computing: Problem: Find the largest of two numbers A and B. Algorithm: Start. Input A and B. If A > B, print A. Else, print B. Stop. 📍 Flowcharts A flowchart is a graphical representation of an algorithm, using different shapes to represent different actions. Common Flowchart Symbols Symbol Meaning ⭕ Oval Start / End ⬜ R...

 PAPER 1: PROGRAMMING IN ‘C’ WITH DATA STRUCTURES (MCA540)  Unit 1 : Algorithm development and C language Programming: Structure and properties of algorithm,   Flowchart, Introduction to C, Compilation & execution of C programs, , Data types & sizes, Declaration of variables, Modifiers, Identifiers & keywords, Symbolic constants, Operators: Unary operators, Arithmetic & Logical operators, Bit-wise operators, Assignment operators and expressions, Conditional expressions, Precedence & associativity, order of evaluation. Control statements: If-else, Switch, Break, Continue, Go-to statement; Loops: For, While, Do-while.  Unit 2: Functions and Arrays: Functions: Built-in & User-defined, Function declaration, Definition &function call, Parameter passing: Call by value, Call by reference, Recursive functions. Linear arrays, Multi-dimensional arrays, passing arrays to functions, Arrays & Strings; Storage classes: Automatic, External, Regi...