📖 Paper 1 – Unit 1: Algorithm Development and C Language Programming (MCA)

-

Part 1: Structure and Properties of an Algorithm

1. What is an Algorithm?

An algorithm is a step-by-step set of instructions to solve a specific problem.

Example:
If you want to make tea:

  1. Boil water.

  2. Add tea leaves.

  3. Add sugar.

  4. Add milk.

  5. Stir and serve.

That’s an algorithm — but in cooking terms.

Properties of a Good Algorithm

  1. Definiteness → Every step must be clear and unambiguous.

  2. Finiteness → Must end after a finite number of steps.

  3. Input → Takes zero or more inputs.

  4. Output → Produces at least one output.

  5. Effectiveness → Steps are basic enough to be done by hand or by computer.

Example in Computing:
Problem: Find the largest of two numbers A and B.

Algorithm:

  1. Start.

  2. Input A and B.

  3. If A > B, print A.

  4. Else, print B.

  5. Stop.

📍 Flowcharts

A flowchart is a graphical representation of an algorithm, using different shapes to represent different actions.

Common Flowchart Symbols

SymbolMeaning
⭕ OvalStart / End
⬜ RectangleProcess / Instruction
🔶 DiamondDecision (Yes/No)
⬠ ParallelogramInput / Output

Example Flowchart:
Algorithm: Find the largest of two numbers.

   ⭕  Start
    ↓
  ⬠  Input A, B
    ↓
  🔶 Is A > B ?
   /  \
 Yes    No
 |      |
⬜ Print A  ⬜ Print B
 |      |
 ⭕ End

Why Flowcharts Matter:

  • Makes logic visual.

  • Easier to debug before coding.

  • Helps in team communication.

✅ Practice Task:
Draw a flowchart for finding the largest of three numbers (A, B, C).
Hint: You’ll need two decision diamonds.

Comments

Post a Comment

Popular posts from this blog

Raster scan Vs Vector Scan

-
1. Raster Scan Display   How It Works : A raster scan display works by painting an image on the screen pixel by pixel, row by row. It follows a systematic pattern where the electron beam (in CRT monitors) or the display elements (in modern LCD/LED screens) sweep across the screen from left to right, top to bottom, in a series of horizontal lines (scan lines). This process is akin to how a traditional TV screen works.   Process : The display draws the image starting from the top-left corner, moving to the right, then moves to the next row below, and repeats this process until the entire screen is filled. This pattern creates a grid of pixels, where each pixel can have a color and brightness level.   Characteristics : Pixel-based : The screen consists of a grid of pixels, and each pixel can have a distinct color and intensity. Continuous Image : Raster scan displays are capable of displaying detailed and complex images, including photographs and videos, because they break t...
Read more

Inheritance

-
*■ Inheritance*  • Inheritance is a concept in OOP that allows a class to inherit properties and behaviors (methods) from another class. • A class that inherits from another class is called a derived class (or subclass) • The class which gets inherited by another class is called the base class (or superclass). • Inheritance is possible only if there is is-a relationship between parent and child class. • constructors are not inherited in derived class, however the derived class can call default constructor implicitly and if there's a parameterised constructors in bass class then derived class can call it using 'base' keyword.  ____________________________________________  *➤ Rules of Inheritance*  1) C# supports single inheritance, meaning a class can inherit from only one base class. 2) A parent class constructor must be accessible in child class otherwise  inheritance will be not possible. 3) every class, whether user-defined or predefined implicitly derives fr...
Read more

unit -1 Introduction of Image processing

-
  What is Image Processing? Image processing is a method to perform operations on an image to enhance it or extract useful information. It is a type of signal processing where the input is an image, and the output may be either an image or characteristics/features associated with that image. Goals of Image Processing Image Enhancement : Improving visual appearance (e.g., contrast, sharpness) Image Restoration : Removing noise or distortion Image Compression : Reducing the amount of data required to represent an image Feature Extraction : Identifying objects, edges, or patterns Image Analysis : Understanding and interpreting image content Object Recognition : Detecting and identifying objects in an image What is an Image? An image is a two-dimensional function f(x, y) , where x and y are spatial coordinates, and f is the intensity (brightness or color) at that point. For digital images, both x, y, and f are finite and discrete. Types of Image Representation...
Read more