📘PAPER 3 – ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE & ROBOTICS UNIT 5 – COMPUTER VISION & ROBOT PROGRAMMING (university of allahabad)

 

🔴 UNIT 5 – COMPUTER VISION & ROBOT PROGRAMMING

(Very important for theory + application-based questions)

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👁️ 1. Computer Vision – Introduction

✅ Definition

Computer Vision is a field of AI that enables machines to:

• See

• Interpret

• Understand images and videos

Just like human vision, but using cameras and algorithms.

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👁️ 2. Components of Computer Vision System

Main Components:

1. Image Sensor (Camera)

2. Image Acquisition System

3. Image Processing Unit

4. Feature Extraction

5. Decision Making System

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👁️ 3. Image Formation Process

Steps:

1. Light falls on object

2. Reflected light captured by camera

3. Image converted into digital form

4. Image processed by computer

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👁️ 4. Image Processing Steps

🔹 Step 1: Image Acquisition

• Capturing image using camera or sensor

🔹 Step 2: Pre-processing

• Noise removal

• Image enhancement

• Filtering

🔹 Step 3: Segmentation

• Dividing image into meaningful parts

🔹 Step 4: Feature Extraction

• Shape

• Color

• Texture

🔹 Step 5: Recognition

• Object identification

• Classification

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👁️ 5. Object Recognition

Definition:

Identifying objects in an image.

Techniques:

• Template matching

• Feature-based recognition

• Pattern matching

Applications:

• Face recognition

• Number plate detection

• Medical imaging

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👁️ 6. Vision Training & Adaptation

Vision Training

Teaching the system to recognize objects using sample images.

Adaptation

System improves performance by:

• Learning from experience

• Updating database

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👁️ 7. Robot Programming

✅ Definition

Robot programming is the process of instructing a robot to perform tasks.

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🔹 Types of Robot Programming

1️⃣ Online Programming

• Robot programmed in real-time

• Uses teach pendant

• Slow but accurate

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2️⃣ Offline Programming

• Program written on computer

• Simulated before execution

• Faster and safer

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🤖 8. Robot Programming Languages

Language	Use
VAL	Industrial robots
AML	Manufacturing
RAPID	ABB robots
KRL	KUKA robots
Python	AI & robotics

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🤖 9. Robot Design

Key Factors:

✔ Mechanical design
✔ Sensors selection
✔ Actuators
✔ Control system
✔ Power supply

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🤖 10. Robot Process Specifications

Defines:

• Task sequence

• Speed

• Accuracy

• Safety limits

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🤖 11. Applications of Computer Vision & Robotics

✔ Industrial automation
✔ Medical diagnosis
✔ Surveillance
✔ Autonomous vehicles
✔ Face recognition
✔ Object detection

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📌 IMPORTANT EXAM QUESTIONS (UNIT 5)

✅ Explain computer vision system
✅ Steps in image processing
✅ Robot programming methods
✅ Vision training and adaptation
✅ Applications of robot vision