📘 Day 1: Introduction to Database Management System (DBMS)

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✅ What is a Database?

A Database is an organized collection of data that can be easily accessed, managed, and updated.

🧠 Example: Your college stores data of students — names, roll numbers, marks — in a structured format.

✅ What is a DBMS?

A Database Management System (DBMS) is software that interacts with users, applications, and the database itself to capture and analyze data.

💡 DBMS Examples:

  • MySQL

  • Oracle

  • PostgreSQL

  • MongoDB (NoSQL DB)

✅ Advantages of DBMS over File System

File SystemDBMS
Data RedundancyReduced Redundancy
No data sharingMulti-user support
No data securityHigh security
Difficult backupEasy backup & recovery
Complex queriesEasy SQL-based queries

✅ Types of DBMS

TypeDescriptionExample
HierarchicalParent-childIBM IMS
NetworkGraph structureIDS
RelationalTables (rows/columns)MySQL, Oracle
Object-orientedStores data as objectsVersant

🧠 MCA Exams usually focus on Relational DBMS (RDBMS).

✅ Components of DBMS

  1. Hardware: Physical devices (server, storage)

  2. Software: The DBMS itself (MySQL, etc.)

  3. Data: The actual stored data

  4. Users:

    • DBA (Database Admin)

    • End Users

    • Application Programmers

  5. Procedures: Rules for design & access

✅ Architecture of DBMS

📊 3-Tier Architecture:

  1. External Level: User view

  2. Conceptual Level: Logical structure

  3. Internal Level: Physical storage

Draw this in exams – it gets full marks!


+---------------------+         <-- External Level (View)
| User 1 / User 2 ... |
+---------------------+
         ↓
+---------------------+         <-- Conceptual Schema
| Logical Structure   |
+---------------------+
         ↓
+---------------------+         <-- Internal Level (Storage)
| Files, Indexes, Data|
+---------------------+

📝 Day 1 Quick Questions (Important for Exams)

  1. What is a DBMS? Explain its advantages.

  2. Differentiate between DBMS and File System.

  3. Explain 3-tier architecture of DBMS with a diagram.

  4. List and describe the types of DBMS.

  5. Who are the users of DBMS?

💻 Mini Practice (Optional)

If you have MySQL installed, try this:


CREATE DATABASE dbms_day1;
USE dbms_day1;

CREATE TABLE student (
    id INT PRIMARY KEY,
    name VARCHAR(100),
    course VARCHAR(50)
);

✅ Homework (15 mins)

  • Revise all notes above

  • Draw DBMS architecture diagram in your notebook

  • Write down 3 advantages of DBMS

  • Prepare answers for the 5 questions above

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