Study Material

1. Raster Scan Display   How It Works : A raster scan display works by painting an image on the screen pixel by pixel, row by row. It follows a systematic pattern where the electron beam (in CRT monitors) or the display elements (in modern LCD/LED screens) sweep across the screen from left to right, top to bottom, in a series of horizontal lines (scan lines). This process is akin to how a traditional TV screen works.   Process : The display draws the image starting from the top-left corner, moving to the right, then moves to the next row below, and repeats this process until the entire screen is filled. This pattern creates a grid of pixels, where each pixel can have a color and brightness level.   Characteristics : Pixel-based : The screen consists of a grid of pixels, and each pixel can have a distinct color and intensity. Continuous Image : Raster scan displays are capable of displaying detailed and complex images, including photographs and videos, because they break t...

Yes, computer graphics play a crucial role in our everyday lives, and their impact is widespread across various industries and aspects of modern society. From entertainment to healthcare, education, and business, computer graphics are integral to many aspects of our personal and professional experiences. Here's a detailed look at why computer graphics are so important:   1. Education and Training: Computer-generated model of the physical, financial and economic system is often used as educational aids. Model of physical systems, physiological system, population trends or equipment can help trainees to understand the operation of the system.   For some training applications, particular systems are designed. For example Flight Simulator.   Flight Simulator: It helps in giving training to the pilots of airplanes. These pilots spend much of their training not in a real aircraft but on the ground at the controls of a Flight Simulator.  Advantages:  ...

A process is an independent unit of execution within an operating system. It represents a program or application that is being executed by the CPU. Process States 1. Running: Process is currently executing. 2. Waiting: Process is waiting for resources or events. 3. Sleeping: Process is suspended, waiting for events. 4. Zombie: Process has terminated, but parent process hasn't acknowledged. 5. Dead: Process has terminated and been removed. Process Types 1. Foreground Process: Interactive process with user input. 2. Background Process: Non-interactive process running without user input. 3. System Process: Operating system process, such as device drivers. 4. Daemon Process: Background process that runs continuously. Process Creation 1. Fork: Creates a new process by duplicating an existing one. 2. Exec: Replaces the current process image with a new one. 3. CreateProcess: Windows API function to create a new process. Process Termination 1. Exit: Process terminates normally, returning a...

1. Thread Class: Use the System.Threading.Thread class to create threads. 2. Thread Constructor: Pass a ThreadStart delegate or a ParameterizedThreadStart delegate to the constructor. 3. ThreadStart Delegate: Represents the method to be executed by the thread. Example: using System.Threading; class Program {     static void Main()     {         Thread thread = new Thread(new ThreadStart(MyMethod));         thread.Start();     }     static void MyMethod()     {         Console.WriteLine("Thread is running.");     } } Processes- 1. Independent units of execution 2. Own memory space (virtual address space) 3. Created by operating system 4. Communicate through Inter-Process Communication (IPC) mechanisms Threads 1. Lightweight processes 2. Share memory space with parent process 3. Created by process 4. Execute concurrently with other threads Key Differences 1. Memory: Proc...

 .NET Framework- - Supports multiple programming languages (C#, (link unavailable), C++/CLI) - Provides a large library of classes, interfaces, and value types (Framework Class Library) - Includes tools like Visual Studio for development and debugging OOPS in .NET - Supports object-oriented programming principles - Enables encapsulation, inheritance, polymorphism, and abstraction - Provides features like classes, objects, interfaces, constructors, destructors, events, and delegates .NET OOPS Concepts - Classes: Define data and behavior - Objects: Instances of classes - Interfaces: Define contracts - Inheritance: Code reuse - Polymorphism: Method overriding, method overloading - Encapsulation: Hiding internal implementation details - Abstraction: Showing only essential features - Constructors: Initialize objects - Destructors: Clean up resources - Events: Notification mechanism - Delegates: Type-safe function pointers .NET OOPS Benefits - Code reusability - Easier maintenance - Impr...

1. Keep classes simple and focused. 2. Use interfaces for contracts. 3. Implement inheritance carefully. 4. Use polymorphism for flexibility. 5. Follow SOLID principles.

1. What is OOPS? 2. Explain encapsulation, inheritance, polymorphism, and abstraction. 3. Difference between interface and abstract class. 4. How do you implement polymorphism in .NET? 5. What is the purpose of constructors and destructors?

1. Code reusability 2. Easier maintenance 3. Improved scalability 4. Enhanced security 5. Better organization

 .NET OOPS Concepts 1. Classes 2. Objects 3. Interfaces 4. Inheritance 5. Polymorphism 6. Encapsulation 7. Abstraction 8. Constructors 9. Destructors 10. Events 11. Delegates

Introduction  Developed by Microsoft - Supports building web, mobile, desktop, and enterprise applications - Includes:     - Common Language Runtime (CLR)     - Framework Class Library (FCL)     - (.Net Framework) (web development)     - (.Net Framework) (data access)     - Windows Forms (desktop applications) OOPS in .Net object oriented programmming system  based on four pillars Encapsulation Inheritance Polymorphism Abstraction DLL HELL - DLL Hell is a term used to describe the problems and frustrations associated with managing and maintaining Dynamic Link Libraries (DLLs) in Windows-based systems. Causes of DLL Hell: 1. Version Conflicts: Multiple applications requiring different versions of the same DLL. 2. DLL Overwriting: Newer or older versions of DLLs overwrite existing ones, breaking compatibility. 3. Missing DLLs: Required DLLs are not installed or missing. 4. Registry Issues: Incorrect or corrupted registry entries....