What is information security? Information security means protecting information and information systems from unauthorized access, use, disclosure, disruption, modification or destruction by ensuring the following security objectives: Confidentiality Makes sure that data remains private and confidential. It should not be viewed by unauthorized people through any means Information disclosure is a cyber-attack that reads all emails sent to/by the victim by eavesdropping into the communication network; hence, compromising confidentiality Integrity Assures that data is protected from accidental or any deliberate modification Tampering is a cyber-attack where attacker modifies an incoming email before it reaches the intended recipient. Receiver would not know that the received message was modified; hence, compromising integrity Availability Ensures timely and reliable access to information and its use Denial of service is a cyber-attack where the website becomes...