constructor

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■ Constructor
• A constructor is a special method that is used to initialize objects.  
• it is called when an object of a class is created. 
• It is used to set initial values for fields(variables)
• without constructor we can't create instance of a class (if we don't create a constructor explicity then compiler create the default constructor implicitly ) 
• the constructor name must match the class name, and it cannot have a return type (like void or int).
• All classes have constructors by default if you do not create a class constructor yourself, C# creates one for you.
• A static constructor cannot be a parameterized constructor because it get called automatically by the runtime.

➤ Types of Constructor
1) Default Constructor
2) Parameterized Constructor
3) Copy Constructor
4) Static Constructor

1) Default Constructor or parameter-less constructor
• A constructor with no parameters is called a default constructor. 
• The default constructor initializes all numeric fields to zero and all string and object fields to null, unless explicitly initialized to different values in the constructor.

2) parameterised constructor
• A constructor having at least one parameter is called as parameterized constructor. 
It can initialize each instance of the class to different values.

3) Copy constructor
• This constructor creates an object by copying variables from another object. 
• Its main use is to initialize a new instance to the values of an existing instance.
• It takes class name as parameter. 

4) Static Constructor
• if we use static keyword before the name of constructor then it is called static constructor. 
• If there are static fields in our class then compiler will provide implicit static constructor until we create explicit constructor. 
• It is called automatically by the runtime before any static members are accessed or any static methods are called, and it runs only once for the class.
• A static constructor is used to initialize static fields of the class and to be executed only once.
• static constructors cannot have parameters and cannot be called directly.
• static constructors cannot be overloaded. 
• We can't use any modifier with static constructor 

    Example  :-
public class MyClass
{
    public static int Count;
    
    // Static constructor
    static MyClass()
    {
        // Initialize static members
        Count = 0;
        Console.WriteLine("Static constructor called.");
    }

    public static void IncrementCount()
    {
        Count++;
    }
}

// Usage
MyClass.IncrementCount();
Console.WriteLine(MyClass.Count); // Output: 1

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